Safe Haskell	Safe-Inferred
Language	Haskell2010

Data.Monoid.Compat

Synopsis

newtype Any = Any {
- getAny :: Bool
}
newtype Sum a = Sum {
- getSum :: a
}
newtype Product a = Product {
- getProduct :: a
}
newtype Last a = Last {
- getLast :: Maybe a
}
newtype First a = First {
- getFirst :: Maybe a
}
class Semigroup a => Monoid a where
- mempty :: a
- mappend :: a -> a -> a
- mconcat :: [a] -> a
newtype Alt (f :: k -> Type) (a :: k) = Alt {
- getAlt :: f a
}
newtype All = All {
- getAll :: Bool
}
newtype Endo a = Endo {
- appEndo :: a -> a
}
newtype Dual a = Dual {
- getDual :: a
}
newtype Ap (f :: k -> Type) (a :: k) = Ap {
- getAp :: f a
}
(<>) :: Semigroup a => a -> a -> a

Documentation

newtype Any #

Boolean monoid under disjunction (||).

Any x <> Any y = Any (x || y)

Examples

Expand

>>> Any True <> mempty <> Any False
Any {getAny = True}

>>> mconcat (map (\x -> Any (even x)) [2,4,6,7,8])
Any {getAny = True}

>>> Any False <> mempty
Any {getAny = False}

Constructors

Any
Fields getAny :: Bool

Instances

Instances details

Data Any

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Any -> c Any #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c Any #

toConstr :: Any -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: Any -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c Any) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c Any) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Any -> Any #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Any -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Any -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Any -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Any -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Any -> m Any #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Any -> m Any #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Any -> m Any #

Monoid Any

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

mempty :: Any #

mappend :: Any -> Any -> Any #

mconcat :: [Any] -> Any #

Semigroup Any

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(<>) :: Any -> Any -> Any #

sconcat :: NonEmpty Any -> Any #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Any -> Any #

Bounded Any

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

minBound :: Any #

maxBound :: Any #

Generic Any

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep Any	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep Any = D1 ('MetaData "Any" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Any" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAny") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 Bool)))

Methods

from :: Any -> Rep Any x #

to :: Rep Any x -> Any #

Read Any

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS Any #

readList :: ReadS [Any] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec Any #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Any] #

Show Any

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Any -> ShowS #

show :: Any -> String #

showList :: [Any] -> ShowS #

Eq Any

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(==) :: Any -> Any -> Bool #

(/=) :: Any -> Any -> Bool #

Ord Any

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

compare :: Any -> Any -> Ordering #

(<) :: Any -> Any -> Bool #

(<=) :: Any -> Any -> Bool #

(>) :: Any -> Any -> Bool #

(>=) :: Any -> Any -> Bool #

max :: Any -> Any -> Any #

min :: Any -> Any -> Any #

type Rep Any

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep Any = D1 ('MetaData "Any" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Any" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAny") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 Bool)))

newtype Sum a #

Monoid under addition.

Sum a <> Sum b = Sum (a + b)

Examples

Expand

>>> Sum 1 <> Sum 2 <> mempty
Sum {getSum = 3}

>>> mconcat [ Sum n | n <- [3 .. 9]]
Sum {getSum = 42}

Constructors

Sum
Fields getSum :: a

Instances

Instances details

MonadFix Sum

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Fix

Methods

mfix :: (a -> Sum a) -> Sum a #

MonadZip Sum

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Zip

Methods

mzip :: Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum (a, b) #

mzipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum c #

munzip :: Sum (a, b) -> (Sum a, Sum b) #

Foldable Sum

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => Sum m -> m #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Sum a -> m #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Sum a -> m #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Sum a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Sum a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Sum a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Sum a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Sum a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Sum a -> a #

toList :: Sum a -> [a] #

null :: Sum a -> Bool #

length :: Sum a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> Sum a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => Sum a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Sum a -> a #

sum :: Num a => Sum a -> a #

product :: Num a => Sum a -> a #

Foldable1 Sum

Since: base-4.18.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable1

Methods

fold1 :: Semigroup m => Sum m -> m #

foldMap1 :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Sum a -> m #

foldMap1' :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Sum a -> m #

toNonEmpty :: Sum a -> NonEmpty a #

maximum :: Ord a => Sum a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Sum a -> a #

head :: Sum a -> a #

last :: Sum a -> a #

foldrMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Sum a -> b #

foldlMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Sum a -> b #

foldlMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Sum a -> b #

foldrMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Sum a -> b #

Traversable Sum

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> Sum a -> f (Sum b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => Sum (f a) -> f (Sum a) #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> Sum a -> m (Sum b) #

sequence :: Monad m => Sum (m a) -> m (Sum a) #

Applicative Sum

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Sum a #

(<*>) :: Sum (a -> b) -> Sum a -> Sum b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum c #

(*>) :: Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum b #

(<*) :: Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum a #

Functor Sum

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Sum a -> Sum b #

(<$) :: a -> Sum b -> Sum a #

Monad Sum

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(>>=) :: Sum a -> (a -> Sum b) -> Sum b #

(>>) :: Sum a -> Sum b -> Sum b #

return :: a -> Sum a #

Generic1 Sum

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep1 Sum	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep1 Sum = D1 ('MetaData "Sum" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Sum" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getSum") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) Par1))

Methods

from1 :: Sum a -> Rep1 Sum a #

to1 :: Rep1 Sum a -> Sum a #

Data a => Data (Sum a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Sum a -> c (Sum a) #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (Sum a) #

toConstr :: Sum a -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: Sum a -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (Sum a)) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (Sum a)) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Sum a -> Sum a #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Sum a -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Sum a -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Sum a -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Sum a -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Sum a -> m (Sum a) #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Sum a -> m (Sum a) #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Sum a -> m (Sum a) #

Num a => Monoid (Sum a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

mempty :: Sum a #

mappend :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Sum a #

mconcat :: [Sum a] -> Sum a #

Num a => Semigroup (Sum a)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(<>) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Sum a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Sum a) -> Sum a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Sum a -> Sum a #

Bounded a => Bounded (Sum a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

minBound :: Sum a #

maxBound :: Sum a #

Generic (Sum a)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep (Sum a)	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep (Sum a) = D1 ('MetaData "Sum" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Sum" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getSum") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))

Methods

from :: Sum a -> Rep (Sum a) x #

to :: Rep (Sum a) x -> Sum a #

Num a => Num (Sum a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(+) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Sum a #

(-) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Sum a #

(*) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Sum a #

negate :: Sum a -> Sum a #

abs :: Sum a -> Sum a #

signum :: Sum a -> Sum a #

fromInteger :: Integer -> Sum a #

Read a => Read (Sum a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (Sum a) #

readList :: ReadS [Sum a] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec (Sum a) #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Sum a] #

Show a => Show (Sum a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Sum a -> ShowS #

show :: Sum a -> String #

showList :: [Sum a] -> ShowS #

Eq a => Eq (Sum a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(==) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Bool #

(/=) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Bool #

Ord a => Ord (Sum a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

compare :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Ordering #

(<) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Bool #

(<=) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Bool #

(>) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Bool #

(>=) :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Bool #

max :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Sum a #

min :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Sum a #

type Rep1 Sum

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep1 Sum = D1 ('MetaData "Sum" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Sum" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getSum") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) Par1))

type Rep (Sum a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep (Sum a) = D1 ('MetaData "Sum" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Sum" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getSum") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))

newtype Product a #

Monoid under multiplication.

Product x <> Product y == Product (x * y)

Examples

Expand

>>> Product 3 <> Product 4 <> mempty
Product {getProduct = 12}

>>> mconcat [ Product n | n <- [2 .. 10]]
Product {getProduct = 3628800}

Constructors

Product
Fields getProduct :: a

Instances

Instances details

MonadFix Product

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Fix

Methods

mfix :: (a -> Product a) -> Product a #

MonadZip Product

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Zip

Methods

mzip :: Product a -> Product b -> Product (a, b) #

mzipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> Product a -> Product b -> Product c #

munzip :: Product (a, b) -> (Product a, Product b) #

Foldable Product

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => Product m -> m #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Product a -> m #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Product a -> m #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Product a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Product a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Product a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Product a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Product a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Product a -> a #

toList :: Product a -> [a] #

null :: Product a -> Bool #

length :: Product a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> Product a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => Product a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Product a -> a #

sum :: Num a => Product a -> a #

product :: Num a => Product a -> a #

Foldable1 Product

Since: base-4.18.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable1

Methods

fold1 :: Semigroup m => Product m -> m #

foldMap1 :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Product a -> m #

foldMap1' :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Product a -> m #

toNonEmpty :: Product a -> NonEmpty a #

maximum :: Ord a => Product a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Product a -> a #

head :: Product a -> a #

last :: Product a -> a #

foldrMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Product a -> b #

foldlMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Product a -> b #

foldlMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Product a -> b #

foldrMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Product a -> b #

Traversable Product

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> Product a -> f (Product b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => Product (f a) -> f (Product a) #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> Product a -> m (Product b) #

sequence :: Monad m => Product (m a) -> m (Product a) #

Applicative Product

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Product a #

(<*>) :: Product (a -> b) -> Product a -> Product b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Product a -> Product b -> Product c #

(*>) :: Product a -> Product b -> Product b #

(<*) :: Product a -> Product b -> Product a #

Functor Product

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Product a -> Product b #

(<$) :: a -> Product b -> Product a #

Monad Product

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(>>=) :: Product a -> (a -> Product b) -> Product b #

(>>) :: Product a -> Product b -> Product b #

return :: a -> Product a #

Generic1 Product

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep1 Product	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep1 Product = D1 ('MetaData "Product" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Product" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getProduct") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) Par1))

Methods

from1 :: Product a -> Rep1 Product a #

to1 :: Rep1 Product a -> Product a #

Data a => Data (Product a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Product a -> c (Product a) #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (Product a) #

toConstr :: Product a -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: Product a -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (Product a)) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (Product a)) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Product a -> Product a #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Product a -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Product a -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Product a -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Product a -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Product a -> m (Product a) #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Product a -> m (Product a) #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Product a -> m (Product a) #

Num a => Monoid (Product a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

mempty :: Product a #

mappend :: Product a -> Product a -> Product a #

mconcat :: [Product a] -> Product a #

Num a => Semigroup (Product a)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(<>) :: Product a -> Product a -> Product a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Product a) -> Product a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Product a -> Product a #

Bounded a => Bounded (Product a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

minBound :: Product a #

maxBound :: Product a #

Generic (Product a)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep (Product a)	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep (Product a) = D1 ('MetaData "Product" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Product" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getProduct") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))

Methods

from :: Product a -> Rep (Product a) x #

to :: Rep (Product a) x -> Product a #

Num a => Num (Product a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(+) :: Product a -> Product a -> Product a #

(-) :: Product a -> Product a -> Product a #

(*) :: Product a -> Product a -> Product a #

negate :: Product a -> Product a #

abs :: Product a -> Product a #

signum :: Product a -> Product a #

fromInteger :: Integer -> Product a #

Read a => Read (Product a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (Product a) #

readList :: ReadS [Product a] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec (Product a) #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Product a] #

Show a => Show (Product a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Product a -> ShowS #

show :: Product a -> String #

showList :: [Product a] -> ShowS #

Eq a => Eq (Product a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(==) :: Product a -> Product a -> Bool #

(/=) :: Product a -> Product a -> Bool #

Ord a => Ord (Product a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

compare :: Product a -> Product a -> Ordering #

(<) :: Product a -> Product a -> Bool #

(<=) :: Product a -> Product a -> Bool #

(>) :: Product a -> Product a -> Bool #

(>=) :: Product a -> Product a -> Bool #

max :: Product a -> Product a -> Product a #

min :: Product a -> Product a -> Product a #

type Rep1 Product

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep1 Product = D1 ('MetaData "Product" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Product" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getProduct") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) Par1))

type Rep (Product a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep (Product a) = D1 ('MetaData "Product" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Product" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getProduct") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))

newtype Last a #

Maybe monoid returning the rightmost non-Nothing value.

Last a is isomorphic to Dual (First a), and thus to Dual (Alt Maybe a)

Data.Semigroup.Last. The former returns the last non-Nothing, so x <> Data.Monoid.Last Nothing = x. The latter simply returns the last value, thus x <> Data.Semigroup.Last Nothing = Data.Semigroup.Last Nothing.

Examples

Expand

>>> Last (Just "hello") <> Last Nothing <> Last (Just "world")
Last {getLast = Just "world"}

>>> Last Nothing <> mempty
Last {getLast = Nothing}

Constructors

Last
Fields getLast :: Maybe a

Instances

Instances details

MonadFix Last

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Fix

Methods

mfix :: (a -> Last a) -> Last a #

MonadZip Last

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Zip

Methods

mzip :: Last a -> Last b -> Last (a, b) #

mzipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> Last a -> Last b -> Last c #

munzip :: Last (a, b) -> (Last a, Last b) #

Foldable Last

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => Last m -> m #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Last a -> m #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Last a -> m #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Last a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Last a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Last a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Last a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Last a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Last a -> a #

toList :: Last a -> [a] #

null :: Last a -> Bool #

length :: Last a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> Last a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => Last a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Last a -> a #

sum :: Num a => Last a -> a #

product :: Num a => Last a -> a #

Traversable Last

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> Last a -> f (Last b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => Last (f a) -> f (Last a) #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> Last a -> m (Last b) #

sequence :: Monad m => Last (m a) -> m (Last a) #

Applicative Last

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

pure :: a -> Last a #

(<*>) :: Last (a -> b) -> Last a -> Last b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Last a -> Last b -> Last c #

(*>) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last b #

(<*) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last a #

Functor Last

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Last a -> Last b #

(<$) :: a -> Last b -> Last a #

Monad Last

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(>>=) :: Last a -> (a -> Last b) -> Last b #

(>>) :: Last a -> Last b -> Last b #

return :: a -> Last a #

Generic1 Last

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Associated Types

type Rep1 Last	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid type Rep1 Last = D1 ('MetaData "Last" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Last" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getLast") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 Maybe)))

Methods

from1 :: Last a -> Rep1 Last a #

to1 :: Rep1 Last a -> Last a #

Data a => Data (Last a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Last a -> c (Last a) #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (Last a) #

toConstr :: Last a -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: Last a -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (Last a)) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (Last a)) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Last a -> Last a #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Last a -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Last a -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Last a -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Last a -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Last a -> m (Last a) #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Last a -> m (Last a) #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Last a -> m (Last a) #

Monoid (Last a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

mempty :: Last a #

mappend :: Last a -> Last a -> Last a #

mconcat :: [Last a] -> Last a #

Semigroup (Last a)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(<>) :: Last a -> Last a -> Last a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Last a) -> Last a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Last a -> Last a #

Generic (Last a)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Associated Types

type Rep (Last a)	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid type Rep (Last a) = D1 ('MetaData "Last" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Last" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getLast") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (Maybe a))))

Methods

from :: Last a -> Rep (Last a) x #

to :: Rep (Last a) x -> Last a #

Read a => Read (Last a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (Last a) #

readList :: ReadS [Last a] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec (Last a) #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Last a] #

Show a => Show (Last a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Last a -> ShowS #

show :: Last a -> String #

showList :: [Last a] -> ShowS #

Eq a => Eq (Last a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(==) :: Last a -> Last a -> Bool #

(/=) :: Last a -> Last a -> Bool #

Ord a => Ord (Last a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

compare :: Last a -> Last a -> Ordering #

(<) :: Last a -> Last a -> Bool #

(<=) :: Last a -> Last a -> Bool #

(>) :: Last a -> Last a -> Bool #

(>=) :: Last a -> Last a -> Bool #

max :: Last a -> Last a -> Last a #

min :: Last a -> Last a -> Last a #

type Rep1 Last

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

type Rep1 Last = D1 ('MetaData "Last" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Last" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getLast") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 Maybe)))

type Rep (Last a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

type Rep (Last a) = D1 ('MetaData "Last" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Last" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getLast") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (Maybe a))))

newtype First a #

Maybe monoid returning the leftmost non-Nothing value.

First a is isomorphic to Alt Maybe a, but precedes it historically.

Beware that Data.Monoid.First is different from Data.Semigroup.First. The former returns the first non-Nothing, so Data.Monoid.First Nothing <> x = x. The latter simply returns the first value, thus Data.Semigroup.First Nothing <> x = Data.Semigroup.First Nothing.

Examples

Expand

>>> First (Just "hello") <> First Nothing <> First (Just "world")
First {getFirst = Just "hello"}

>>> First Nothing <> mempty
First {getFirst = Nothing}

Constructors

First
Fields getFirst :: Maybe a

Instances

Instances details

MonadFix First

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Fix

Methods

mfix :: (a -> First a) -> First a #

MonadZip First

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Zip

Methods

mzip :: First a -> First b -> First (a, b) #

mzipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> First a -> First b -> First c #

munzip :: First (a, b) -> (First a, First b) #

Foldable First

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => First m -> m #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> First a -> m #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> First a -> m #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> First a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> First a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> First a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> First a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> First a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> First a -> a #

toList :: First a -> [a] #

null :: First a -> Bool #

length :: First a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> First a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => First a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => First a -> a #

sum :: Num a => First a -> a #

product :: Num a => First a -> a #

Traversable First

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> First a -> f (First b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => First (f a) -> f (First a) #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> First a -> m (First b) #

sequence :: Monad m => First (m a) -> m (First a) #

Applicative First

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

pure :: a -> First a #

(<*>) :: First (a -> b) -> First a -> First b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> First a -> First b -> First c #

(*>) :: First a -> First b -> First b #

(<*) :: First a -> First b -> First a #

Functor First

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> First a -> First b #

(<$) :: a -> First b -> First a #

Monad First

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(>>=) :: First a -> (a -> First b) -> First b #

(>>) :: First a -> First b -> First b #

return :: a -> First a #

Generic1 First

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Associated Types

type Rep1 First	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid type Rep1 First = D1 ('MetaData "First" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "First" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getFirst") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 Maybe)))

Methods

from1 :: First a -> Rep1 First a #

to1 :: Rep1 First a -> First a #

Data a => Data (First a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> First a -> c (First a) #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (First a) #

toConstr :: First a -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: First a -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (First a)) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (First a)) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> First a -> First a #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> First a -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> First a -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> First a -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> First a -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> First a -> m (First a) #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> First a -> m (First a) #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> First a -> m (First a) #

Monoid (First a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

mempty :: First a #

mappend :: First a -> First a -> First a #

mconcat :: [First a] -> First a #

Semigroup (First a)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(<>) :: First a -> First a -> First a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (First a) -> First a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> First a -> First a #

Generic (First a)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Associated Types

type Rep (First a)	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid type Rep (First a) = D1 ('MetaData "First" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "First" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getFirst") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (Maybe a))))

Methods

from :: First a -> Rep (First a) x #

to :: Rep (First a) x -> First a #

Read a => Read (First a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (First a) #

readList :: ReadS [First a] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec (First a) #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [First a] #

Show a => Show (First a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> First a -> ShowS #

show :: First a -> String #

showList :: [First a] -> ShowS #

Eq a => Eq (First a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(==) :: First a -> First a -> Bool #

(/=) :: First a -> First a -> Bool #

Ord a => Ord (First a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

compare :: First a -> First a -> Ordering #

(<) :: First a -> First a -> Bool #

(<=) :: First a -> First a -> Bool #

(>) :: First a -> First a -> Bool #

(>=) :: First a -> First a -> Bool #

max :: First a -> First a -> First a #

min :: First a -> First a -> First a #

type Rep1 First

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

type Rep1 First = D1 ('MetaData "First" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "First" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getFirst") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 Maybe)))

type Rep (First a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

type Rep (First a) = D1 ('MetaData "First" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "First" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getFirst") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (Maybe a))))

class Semigroup a => Monoid a where #

The class of monoids (types with an associative binary operation that has an identity). Instances should satisfy the following:

Right identity: x <> mempty = x
Left identity: mempty <> x = x
Associativity: x <> (y <> z) = (x <> y) <> z (Semigroup law)
Concatenation: mconcat = foldr (<>) mempty

You can alternatively define mconcat instead of mempty, in which case the laws are:

Unit: mconcat (pure x) = x
Multiplication: mconcat (join xss) = mconcat (fmap mconcat xss)
Subclass: mconcat (toList xs) = sconcat xs

The method names refer to the monoid of lists under concatenation, but there are many other instances.

Some types can be viewed as a monoid in more than one way, e.g. both addition and multiplication on numbers. In such cases we often define newtypes and make those instances of Monoid, e.g. Sum and Product.

NOTE: Semigroup is a superclass of Monoid since base-4.11.0.0.

Minimal complete definition

mempty | mconcat

Methods

mempty :: a #

Identity of mappend

Examples

Expand

>>> "Hello world" <> mempty
"Hello world"

>>> mempty <> [1, 2, 3]
[1,2,3]

mappend :: a -> a -> a #

An associative operation

NOTE: This method is redundant and has the default implementation mappend = (<>) since base-4.11.0.0. Should it be implemented manually, since mappend is a synonym for (<>), it is expected that the two functions are defined the same way. In a future GHC release mappend will be removed from Monoid.

mconcat :: [a] -> a #

Fold a list using the monoid.

For most types, the default definition for mconcat will be used, but the function is included in the class definition so that an optimized version can be provided for specific types.

>>> mconcat ["Hello", " ", "Haskell", "!"]
"Hello Haskell!"

Instances

Instances details

Monoid ByteArray	Since: base-4.17.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Array.Byte Methods mempty :: ByteArray # mappend :: ByteArray -> ByteArray -> ByteArray # mconcat :: [ByteArray] -> ByteArray #
Monoid All	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal Methods mempty :: All # mappend :: All -> All -> All # mconcat :: [All] -> All #
Monoid Any	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal Methods mempty :: Any # mappend :: Any -> Any -> Any # mconcat :: [Any] -> Any #
Monoid Ordering	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: Ordering # mappend :: Ordering -> Ordering -> Ordering # mconcat :: [Ordering] -> Ordering #
Monoid ()	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: () # mappend :: () -> () -> () # mconcat :: [()] -> () #
FiniteBits a => Monoid (And a)	This constraint is arguably too strong. However, as some types (such as `Natural`) have undefined `complement`, this is the only safe choice. Since: base-4.16
Instance details Defined in Data.Bits Methods mempty :: And a # mappend :: And a -> And a -> And a # mconcat :: [And a] -> And a #
FiniteBits a => Monoid (Iff a)	This constraint is arguably too strong. However, as some types (such as `Natural`) have undefined `complement`, this is the only safe choice. Since: base-4.16
Instance details Defined in Data.Bits Methods mempty :: Iff a # mappend :: Iff a -> Iff a -> Iff a # mconcat :: [Iff a] -> Iff a #
Bits a => Monoid (Ior a)	Since: base-4.16
Instance details Defined in Data.Bits Methods mempty :: Ior a # mappend :: Ior a -> Ior a -> Ior a # mconcat :: [Ior a] -> Ior a #
Bits a => Monoid (Xor a)	Since: base-4.16
Instance details Defined in Data.Bits Methods mempty :: Xor a # mappend :: Xor a -> Xor a -> Xor a # mconcat :: [Xor a] -> Xor a #
Monoid (Comparison a)	`mempty` on comparisons always returns `EQ`. Without newtypes this equals `pure (pure EQ)`. mempty :: Comparison a mempty = Comparison _ _ -> EQ
Instance details Defined in Data.Functor.Contravariant Methods mempty :: Comparison a # mappend :: Comparison a -> Comparison a -> Comparison a # mconcat :: [Comparison a] -> Comparison a #
Monoid (Equivalence a)	`mempty` on equivalences always returns `True`. Without newtypes this equals `pure (pure True)`. mempty :: Equivalence a mempty = Equivalence _ _ -> True
Instance details Defined in Data.Functor.Contravariant Methods mempty :: Equivalence a # mappend :: Equivalence a -> Equivalence a -> Equivalence a # mconcat :: [Equivalence a] -> Equivalence a #
Monoid (Predicate a)	`mempty` on predicates always returns `True`. Without newtypes this equals `pure True`. mempty :: Predicate a mempty = _ -> True
Instance details Defined in Data.Functor.Contravariant Methods mempty :: Predicate a # mappend :: Predicate a -> Predicate a -> Predicate a # mconcat :: [Predicate a] -> Predicate a #
Monoid a => Monoid (Identity a)	Since: base-4.9.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Functor.Identity Methods mempty :: Identity a # mappend :: Identity a -> Identity a -> Identity a # mconcat :: [Identity a] -> Identity a #
Monoid (First a)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid Methods mempty :: First a # mappend :: First a -> First a -> First a # mconcat :: [First a] -> First a #
Monoid (Last a)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid Methods mempty :: Last a # mappend :: Last a -> Last a -> Last a # mconcat :: [Last a] -> Last a #
Monoid a => Monoid (Down a)	Since: base-4.11.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Ord Methods mempty :: Down a # mappend :: Down a -> Down a -> Down a # mconcat :: [Down a] -> Down a #
(Ord a, Bounded a) => Monoid (Max a)	Since: base-4.9.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup Methods mempty :: Max a # mappend :: Max a -> Max a -> Max a # mconcat :: [Max a] -> Max a #
(Ord a, Bounded a) => Monoid (Min a)	Since: base-4.9.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup Methods mempty :: Min a # mappend :: Min a -> Min a -> Min a # mconcat :: [Min a] -> Min a #
Monoid m => Monoid (WrappedMonoid m)	Since: base-4.9.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup Methods mempty :: WrappedMonoid m # mappend :: WrappedMonoid m -> WrappedMonoid m -> WrappedMonoid m # mconcat :: [WrappedMonoid m] -> WrappedMonoid m #
Monoid a => Monoid (Dual a)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal Methods mempty :: Dual a # mappend :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Dual a # mconcat :: [Dual a] -> Dual a #
Monoid (Endo a)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal Methods mempty :: Endo a # mappend :: Endo a -> Endo a -> Endo a # mconcat :: [Endo a] -> Endo a #
Num a => Monoid (Product a)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal Methods mempty :: Product a # mappend :: Product a -> Product a -> Product a # mconcat :: [Product a] -> Product a #
Num a => Monoid (Sum a)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal Methods mempty :: Sum a # mappend :: Sum a -> Sum a -> Sum a # mconcat :: [Sum a] -> Sum a #
Monoid a => Monoid (STM a)	Since: base-4.17.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Conc.Sync Methods mempty :: STM a # mappend :: STM a -> STM a -> STM a # mconcat :: [STM a] -> STM a #
(Generic a, Monoid (Rep a ())) => Monoid (Generically a)	Since: base-4.17.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Generics Methods mempty :: Generically a # mappend :: Generically a -> Generically a -> Generically a # mconcat :: [Generically a] -> Generically a #
Monoid p => Monoid (Par1 p)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Generics Methods mempty :: Par1 p # mappend :: Par1 p -> Par1 p -> Par1 p # mconcat :: [Par1 p] -> Par1 p #
Monoid a => Monoid (IO a)	Since: base-4.9.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: IO a # mappend :: IO a -> IO a -> IO a # mconcat :: [IO a] -> IO a #
Semigroup a => Monoid (Maybe a)	Lift a semigroup into `Maybe` forming a `Monoid` according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoid: "Any semigroup `S` may be turned into a monoid simply by adjoining an element `e` not in `S` and defining `ee = e` and `es = s = se` for all `s ∈ S`." Since 4.11.0: constraint on inner `a` value generalised from `Monoid` to `Semigroup`. Since: base-2.1*
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: Maybe a # mappend :: Maybe a -> Maybe a -> Maybe a # mconcat :: [Maybe a] -> Maybe a #
Monoid a => Monoid (Solo a)	Since: base-4.15
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: Solo a # mappend :: Solo a -> Solo a -> Solo a # mconcat :: [Solo a] -> Solo a #
Monoid [a]	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: [a] # mappend :: [a] -> [a] -> [a] # mconcat :: [[a]] -> [a] #
Monoid a => Monoid (Op a b)	`mempty @(Op a b)` without newtypes is `mempty @(b->a)` = `_ -> mempty`. mempty :: Op a b mempty = Op _ -> mempty
Instance details Defined in Data.Functor.Contravariant Methods mempty :: Op a b # mappend :: Op a b -> Op a b -> Op a b # mconcat :: [Op a b] -> Op a b #
Monoid (Proxy s)	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Proxy Methods mempty :: Proxy s # mappend :: Proxy s -> Proxy s -> Proxy s # mconcat :: [Proxy s] -> Proxy s #
Monoid (U1 p)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Generics Methods mempty :: U1 p # mappend :: U1 p -> U1 p -> U1 p # mconcat :: [U1 p] -> U1 p #
Monoid a => Monoid (ST s a)	Since: base-4.11.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.ST Methods mempty :: ST s a # mappend :: ST s a -> ST s a -> ST s a # mconcat :: [ST s a] -> ST s a #
(Monoid a, Monoid b) => Monoid (a, b)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: (a, b) # mappend :: (a, b) -> (a, b) -> (a, b) # mconcat :: [(a, b)] -> (a, b) #
Monoid b => Monoid (a -> b)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: a -> b # mappend :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b) -> a -> b # mconcat :: [a -> b] -> a -> b #
Monoid a => Monoid (Const a b)	Since: base-4.9.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Functor.Const Methods mempty :: Const a b # mappend :: Const a b -> Const a b -> Const a b # mconcat :: [Const a b] -> Const a b #
(Applicative f, Monoid a) => Monoid (Ap f a)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid Methods mempty :: Ap f a # mappend :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a # mconcat :: [Ap f a] -> Ap f a #
Alternative f => Monoid (Alt f a)	Since: base-4.8.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal Methods mempty :: Alt f a # mappend :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a # mconcat :: [Alt f a] -> Alt f a #
Monoid (f p) => Monoid (Rec1 f p)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Generics Methods mempty :: Rec1 f p # mappend :: Rec1 f p -> Rec1 f p -> Rec1 f p # mconcat :: [Rec1 f p] -> Rec1 f p #
(Monoid a, Monoid b, Monoid c) => Monoid (a, b, c)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: (a, b, c) # mappend :: (a, b, c) -> (a, b, c) -> (a, b, c) # mconcat :: [(a, b, c)] -> (a, b, c) #
(Monoid (f a), Monoid (g a)) => Monoid (Product f g a)	Since: base-4.16.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Functor.Product Methods mempty :: Product f g a # mappend :: Product f g a -> Product f g a -> Product f g a # mconcat :: [Product f g a] -> Product f g a #
(Monoid (f p), Monoid (g p)) => Monoid ((f :*: g) p)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Generics Methods mempty :: (f :: g) p # mappend :: (f :: g) p -> (f :: g) p -> (f :: g) p # mconcat :: [(f :: g) p] -> (f :: g) p #
Monoid c => Monoid (K1 i c p)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Generics Methods mempty :: K1 i c p # mappend :: K1 i c p -> K1 i c p -> K1 i c p # mconcat :: [K1 i c p] -> K1 i c p #
(Monoid a, Monoid b, Monoid c, Monoid d) => Monoid (a, b, c, d)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: (a, b, c, d) # mappend :: (a, b, c, d) -> (a, b, c, d) -> (a, b, c, d) # mconcat :: [(a, b, c, d)] -> (a, b, c, d) #
Monoid (f (g a)) => Monoid (Compose f g a)	Since: base-4.16.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Functor.Compose Methods mempty :: Compose f g a # mappend :: Compose f g a -> Compose f g a -> Compose f g a # mconcat :: [Compose f g a] -> Compose f g a #
Monoid (f (g p)) => Monoid ((f :.: g) p)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Generics Methods mempty :: (f :.: g) p # mappend :: (f :.: g) p -> (f :.: g) p -> (f :.: g) p # mconcat :: [(f :.: g) p] -> (f :.: g) p #
Monoid (f p) => Monoid (M1 i c f p)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in GHC.Generics Methods mempty :: M1 i c f p # mappend :: M1 i c f p -> M1 i c f p -> M1 i c f p # mconcat :: [M1 i c f p] -> M1 i c f p #
(Monoid a, Monoid b, Monoid c, Monoid d, Monoid e) => Monoid (a, b, c, d, e)	Since: base-2.1
Instance details Defined in GHC.Base Methods mempty :: (a, b, c, d, e) # mappend :: (a, b, c, d, e) -> (a, b, c, d, e) -> (a, b, c, d, e) # mconcat :: [(a, b, c, d, e)] -> (a, b, c, d, e) #

newtype Alt (f :: k -> Type) (a :: k) #

Monoid under <|>.

Alt l <> Alt r == Alt (l <|> r)

Examples

Expand

>>> Alt (Just 12) <> Alt (Just 24)
Alt {getAlt = Just 12}

>>> Alt Nothing <> Alt (Just 24)
Alt {getAlt = Just 24}

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Constructors

Alt
Fields getAlt :: f a

Instances

Instances details

Generic1 (Alt f :: k -> Type)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep1 (Alt f :: k -> Type)	Since: base-4.8.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep1 (Alt f :: k -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "Alt" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Alt" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAlt") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 f)))

Methods

from1 :: forall (a :: k). Alt f a -> Rep1 (Alt f) a #

to1 :: forall (a :: k). Rep1 (Alt f) a -> Alt f a #

MonadFix f => MonadFix (Alt f)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Fix

Methods

mfix :: (a -> Alt f a) -> Alt f a #

MonadZip f => MonadZip (Alt f)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Zip

Methods

mzip :: Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f (a, b) #

mzipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f c #

munzip :: Alt f (a, b) -> (Alt f a, Alt f b) #

Foldable f => Foldable (Alt f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => Alt f m -> m #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Alt f a -> m #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Alt f a -> m #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Alt f a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Alt f a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Alt f a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Alt f a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Alt f a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Alt f a -> a #

toList :: Alt f a -> [a] #

null :: Alt f a -> Bool #

length :: Alt f a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> Alt f a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => Alt f a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Alt f a -> a #

sum :: Num a => Alt f a -> a #

product :: Num a => Alt f a -> a #

Foldable1 f => Foldable1 (Alt f)

Since: base-4.18.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable1

Methods

fold1 :: Semigroup m => Alt f m -> m #

foldMap1 :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Alt f a -> m #

foldMap1' :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Alt f a -> m #

toNonEmpty :: Alt f a -> NonEmpty a #

maximum :: Ord a => Alt f a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Alt f a -> a #

head :: Alt f a -> a #

last :: Alt f a -> a #

foldrMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Alt f a -> b #

foldlMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Alt f a -> b #

foldlMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Alt f a -> b #

foldrMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Alt f a -> b #

Contravariant f => Contravariant (Alt f)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Functor.Contravariant

Methods

contramap :: (a' -> a) -> Alt f a -> Alt f a' #

(>$) :: b -> Alt f b -> Alt f a #

Traversable f => Traversable (Alt f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f0 => (a -> f0 b) -> Alt f a -> f0 (Alt f b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f0 => Alt f (f0 a) -> f0 (Alt f a) #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> Alt f a -> m (Alt f b) #

sequence :: Monad m => Alt f (m a) -> m (Alt f a) #

Alternative f => Alternative (Alt f)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

empty :: Alt f a #

(<|>) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

some :: Alt f a -> Alt f [a] #

many :: Alt f a -> Alt f [a] #

Applicative f => Applicative (Alt f)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Alt f a #

(<*>) :: Alt f (a -> b) -> Alt f a -> Alt f b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f c #

(*>) :: Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f b #

(<*) :: Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f a #

Functor f => Functor (Alt f)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Alt f a -> Alt f b #

(<$) :: a -> Alt f b -> Alt f a #

Monad f => Monad (Alt f)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(>>=) :: Alt f a -> (a -> Alt f b) -> Alt f b #

(>>) :: Alt f a -> Alt f b -> Alt f b #

return :: a -> Alt f a #

MonadPlus f => MonadPlus (Alt f)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

mzero :: Alt f a #

mplus :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

(Data (f a), Data a, Typeable f) => Data (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Alt f a -> c (Alt f a) #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (Alt f a) #

toConstr :: Alt f a -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: Alt f a -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (Alt f a)) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (Alt f a)) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Alt f a -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Alt f a -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Alt f a -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Alt f a -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Alt f a -> m (Alt f a) #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Alt f a -> m (Alt f a) #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Alt f a -> m (Alt f a) #

Alternative f => Monoid (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

mempty :: Alt f a #

mappend :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

mconcat :: [Alt f a] -> Alt f a #

Alternative f => Semigroup (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(<>) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Alt f a) -> Alt f a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

Enum (f a) => Enum (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

succ :: Alt f a -> Alt f a #

pred :: Alt f a -> Alt f a #

toEnum :: Int -> Alt f a #

fromEnum :: Alt f a -> Int #

enumFrom :: Alt f a -> [Alt f a] #

enumFromThen :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> [Alt f a] #

enumFromTo :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> [Alt f a] #

enumFromThenTo :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a -> [Alt f a] #

Generic (Alt f a)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep (Alt f a)	Since: base-4.8.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep (Alt f a) = D1 ('MetaData "Alt" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Alt" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAlt") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (f a))))

Methods

from :: Alt f a -> Rep (Alt f a) x #

to :: Rep (Alt f a) x -> Alt f a #

Num (f a) => Num (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(+) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

(-) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

(*) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

negate :: Alt f a -> Alt f a #

abs :: Alt f a -> Alt f a #

signum :: Alt f a -> Alt f a #

fromInteger :: Integer -> Alt f a #

Read (f a) => Read (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (Alt f a) #

readList :: ReadS [Alt f a] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec (Alt f a) #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Alt f a] #

Show (f a) => Show (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Alt f a -> ShowS #

show :: Alt f a -> String #

showList :: [Alt f a] -> ShowS #

Eq (f a) => Eq (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(==) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Bool #

(/=) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Bool #

Ord (f a) => Ord (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

compare :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Ordering #

(<) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Bool #

(<=) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Bool #

(>) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Bool #

(>=) :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Bool #

max :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

min :: Alt f a -> Alt f a -> Alt f a #

type Rep1 (Alt f :: k -> Type)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep1 (Alt f :: k -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "Alt" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Alt" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAlt") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 f)))

type Rep (Alt f a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep (Alt f a) = D1 ('MetaData "Alt" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Alt" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAlt") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (f a))))

newtype All #

Boolean monoid under conjunction (&&).

All x <> All y = All (x && y)

Examples

Expand

>>> All True <> mempty <> All False)
All {getAll = False}

>>> mconcat (map (\x -> All (even x)) [2,4,6,7,8])
All {getAll = False}

>>> All True <> mempty
All {getAll = True}

Constructors

All
Fields getAll :: Bool

Instances

Instances details

Data All

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> All -> c All #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c All #

toConstr :: All -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: All -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c All) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c All) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> All -> All #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> All -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> All -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> All -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> All -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> All -> m All #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> All -> m All #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> All -> m All #

Monoid All

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

mempty :: All #

mappend :: All -> All -> All #

mconcat :: [All] -> All #

Semigroup All

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(<>) :: All -> All -> All #

sconcat :: NonEmpty All -> All #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> All -> All #

Bounded All

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

minBound :: All #

maxBound :: All #

Generic All

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep All	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep All = D1 ('MetaData "All" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "All" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAll") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 Bool)))

Methods

from :: All -> Rep All x #

to :: Rep All x -> All #

Read All

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS All #

readList :: ReadS [All] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec All #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [All] #

Show All

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> All -> ShowS #

show :: All -> String #

showList :: [All] -> ShowS #

Eq All

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(==) :: All -> All -> Bool #

(/=) :: All -> All -> Bool #

Ord All

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

compare :: All -> All -> Ordering #

(<) :: All -> All -> Bool #

(<=) :: All -> All -> Bool #

(>) :: All -> All -> Bool #

(>=) :: All -> All -> Bool #

max :: All -> All -> All #

min :: All -> All -> All #

type Rep All

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep All = D1 ('MetaData "All" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "All" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAll") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 Bool)))

newtype Endo a #

The monoid of endomorphisms under composition.

Endo f <> Endo g == Endo (f . g)

Examples

Expand

>>> let computation = Endo ("Hello, " ++) <> Endo (++ "!")
>>> appEndo computation "Haskell"
"Hello, Haskell!"

>>> let computation = Endo (*3) <> Endo (+1)
>>> appEndo computation 1
6

Constructors

Endo
Fields appEndo :: a -> a

Instances

Instances details

Monoid (Endo a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

mempty :: Endo a #

mappend :: Endo a -> Endo a -> Endo a #

mconcat :: [Endo a] -> Endo a #

Semigroup (Endo a)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(<>) :: Endo a -> Endo a -> Endo a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Endo a) -> Endo a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Endo a -> Endo a #

Generic (Endo a)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep (Endo a)	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep (Endo a) = D1 ('MetaData "Endo" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Endo" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "appEndo") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (a -> a))))

Methods

from :: Endo a -> Rep (Endo a) x #

to :: Rep (Endo a) x -> Endo a #

type Rep (Endo a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep (Endo a) = D1 ('MetaData "Endo" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Endo" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "appEndo") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (a -> a))))

newtype Dual a #

The dual of a Monoid, obtained by swapping the arguments of (<>).

Dual a <> Dual b == Dual (b <> a)

Examples

Expand

>>> Dual "Hello" <> Dual "World"
Dual {getDual = "WorldHello"}

>>> Dual (Dual "Hello") <> Dual (Dual "World")
Dual {getDual = Dual {getDual = "HelloWorld"}}

Constructors

Dual
Fields getDual :: a

Instances

Instances details

MonadFix Dual

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Fix

Methods

mfix :: (a -> Dual a) -> Dual a #

MonadZip Dual

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Zip

Methods

mzip :: Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual (a, b) #

mzipWith :: (a -> b -> c) -> Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual c #

munzip :: Dual (a, b) -> (Dual a, Dual b) #

Foldable Dual

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => Dual m -> m #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Dual a -> m #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Dual a -> m #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Dual a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Dual a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Dual a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Dual a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Dual a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Dual a -> a #

toList :: Dual a -> [a] #

null :: Dual a -> Bool #

length :: Dual a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> Dual a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => Dual a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Dual a -> a #

sum :: Num a => Dual a -> a #

product :: Num a => Dual a -> a #

Foldable1 Dual

Since: base-4.18.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable1

Methods

fold1 :: Semigroup m => Dual m -> m #

foldMap1 :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Dual a -> m #

foldMap1' :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Dual a -> m #

toNonEmpty :: Dual a -> NonEmpty a #

maximum :: Ord a => Dual a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Dual a -> a #

head :: Dual a -> a #

last :: Dual a -> a #

foldrMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Dual a -> b #

foldlMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Dual a -> b #

foldlMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Dual a -> b #

foldrMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Dual a -> b #

Traversable Dual

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> Dual a -> f (Dual b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f => Dual (f a) -> f (Dual a) #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> Dual a -> m (Dual b) #

sequence :: Monad m => Dual (m a) -> m (Dual a) #

Applicative Dual

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

pure :: a -> Dual a #

(<*>) :: Dual (a -> b) -> Dual a -> Dual b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual c #

(*>) :: Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual b #

(<*) :: Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual a #

Functor Dual

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Dual a -> Dual b #

(<$) :: a -> Dual b -> Dual a #

Monad Dual

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(>>=) :: Dual a -> (a -> Dual b) -> Dual b #

(>>) :: Dual a -> Dual b -> Dual b #

return :: a -> Dual a #

Generic1 Dual

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep1 Dual	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep1 Dual = D1 ('MetaData "Dual" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Dual" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getDual") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) Par1))

Methods

from1 :: Dual a -> Rep1 Dual a #

to1 :: Rep1 Dual a -> Dual a #

Data a => Data (Dual a)

Since: base-4.8.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Dual a -> c (Dual a) #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (Dual a) #

toConstr :: Dual a -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: Dual a -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (Dual a)) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (Dual a)) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Dual a -> Dual a #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Dual a -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Dual a -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Dual a -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Dual a -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Dual a -> m (Dual a) #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Dual a -> m (Dual a) #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Dual a -> m (Dual a) #

Monoid a => Monoid (Dual a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

mempty :: Dual a #

mappend :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Dual a #

mconcat :: [Dual a] -> Dual a #

Semigroup a => Semigroup (Dual a)

Since: base-4.9.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(<>) :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Dual a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Dual a) -> Dual a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Dual a -> Dual a #

Bounded a => Bounded (Dual a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

minBound :: Dual a #

maxBound :: Dual a #

Generic (Dual a)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Associated Types

type Rep (Dual a)	Since: base-4.7.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal type Rep (Dual a) = D1 ('MetaData "Dual" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Dual" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getDual") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))

Methods

from :: Dual a -> Rep (Dual a) x #

to :: Rep (Dual a) x -> Dual a #

Read a => Read (Dual a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (Dual a) #

readList :: ReadS [Dual a] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec (Dual a) #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Dual a] #

Show a => Show (Dual a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Dual a -> ShowS #

show :: Dual a -> String #

showList :: [Dual a] -> ShowS #

Eq a => Eq (Dual a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

(==) :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Bool #

(/=) :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Bool #

Ord a => Ord (Dual a)

Since: base-2.1

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

Methods

compare :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Ordering #

(<) :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Bool #

(<=) :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Bool #

(>) :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Bool #

(>=) :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Bool #

max :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Dual a #

min :: Dual a -> Dual a -> Dual a #

type Rep1 Dual

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep1 Dual = D1 ('MetaData "Dual" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Dual" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getDual") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) Par1))

type Rep (Dual a)

Since: base-4.7.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Semigroup.Internal

type Rep (Dual a) = D1 ('MetaData "Dual" "Data.Semigroup.Internal" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Dual" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getDual") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 a)))

newtype Ap (f :: k -> Type) (a :: k) #

This data type witnesses the lifting of a Monoid into an Applicative pointwise.

Examples

Expand

>>> Ap (Just [1, 2, 3]) <> Ap Nothing
Ap {getAp = Nothing}

>>> Ap [Sum 10, Sum 20] <> Ap [Sum 1, Sum 2]
Ap {getAp = [Sum {getSum = 11},Sum {getSum = 12},Sum {getSum = 21},Sum {getSum = 22}]}

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Constructors

Ap
Fields getAp :: f a

Instances

Instances details

Generic1 (Ap f :: k -> Type)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Associated Types

type Rep1 (Ap f :: k -> Type)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid type Rep1 (Ap f :: k -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "Ap" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Ap" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAp") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 f)))

Methods

from1 :: forall (a :: k). Ap f a -> Rep1 (Ap f) a #

to1 :: forall (a :: k). Rep1 (Ap f) a -> Ap f a #

MonadFail f => MonadFail (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

fail :: String -> Ap f a #

MonadFix f => MonadFix (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Control.Monad.Fix

Methods

mfix :: (a -> Ap f a) -> Ap f a #

Foldable f => Foldable (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable

Methods

fold :: Monoid m => Ap f m -> m #

foldMap :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Ap f a -> m #

foldMap' :: Monoid m => (a -> m) -> Ap f a -> m #

foldr :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Ap f a -> b #

foldr' :: (a -> b -> b) -> b -> Ap f a -> b #

foldl :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Ap f a -> b #

foldl' :: (b -> a -> b) -> b -> Ap f a -> b #

foldr1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Ap f a -> a #

foldl1 :: (a -> a -> a) -> Ap f a -> a #

toList :: Ap f a -> [a] #

null :: Ap f a -> Bool #

length :: Ap f a -> Int #

elem :: Eq a => a -> Ap f a -> Bool #

maximum :: Ord a => Ap f a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Ap f a -> a #

sum :: Num a => Ap f a -> a #

product :: Num a => Ap f a -> a #

Foldable1 f => Foldable1 (Ap f)

Since: base-4.18.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Foldable1

Methods

fold1 :: Semigroup m => Ap f m -> m #

foldMap1 :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Ap f a -> m #

foldMap1' :: Semigroup m => (a -> m) -> Ap f a -> m #

toNonEmpty :: Ap f a -> NonEmpty a #

maximum :: Ord a => Ap f a -> a #

minimum :: Ord a => Ap f a -> a #

head :: Ap f a -> a #

last :: Ap f a -> a #

foldrMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Ap f a -> b #

foldlMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Ap f a -> b #

foldlMap1 :: (a -> b) -> (b -> a -> b) -> Ap f a -> b #

foldrMap1' :: (a -> b) -> (a -> b -> b) -> Ap f a -> b #

Traversable f => Traversable (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Traversable

Methods

traverse :: Applicative f0 => (a -> f0 b) -> Ap f a -> f0 (Ap f b) #

sequenceA :: Applicative f0 => Ap f (f0 a) -> f0 (Ap f a) #

mapM :: Monad m => (a -> m b) -> Ap f a -> m (Ap f b) #

sequence :: Monad m => Ap f (m a) -> m (Ap f a) #

Alternative f => Alternative (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

empty :: Ap f a #

(<|>) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

some :: Ap f a -> Ap f [a] #

many :: Ap f a -> Ap f [a] #

Applicative f => Applicative (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

pure :: a -> Ap f a #

(<*>) :: Ap f (a -> b) -> Ap f a -> Ap f b #

liftA2 :: (a -> b -> c) -> Ap f a -> Ap f b -> Ap f c #

(*>) :: Ap f a -> Ap f b -> Ap f b #

(<*) :: Ap f a -> Ap f b -> Ap f a #

Functor f => Functor (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

fmap :: (a -> b) -> Ap f a -> Ap f b #

(<$) :: a -> Ap f b -> Ap f a #

Monad f => Monad (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(>>=) :: Ap f a -> (a -> Ap f b) -> Ap f b #

(>>) :: Ap f a -> Ap f b -> Ap f b #

return :: a -> Ap f a #

MonadPlus f => MonadPlus (Ap f)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

mzero :: Ap f a #

mplus :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

(Data (f a), Data a, Typeable f) => Data (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Data

Methods

gfoldl :: (forall d b. Data d => c (d -> b) -> d -> c b) -> (forall g. g -> c g) -> Ap f a -> c (Ap f a) #

gunfold :: (forall b r. Data b => c (b -> r) -> c r) -> (forall r. r -> c r) -> Constr -> c (Ap f a) #

toConstr :: Ap f a -> Constr #

dataTypeOf :: Ap f a -> DataType #

dataCast1 :: Typeable t => (forall d. Data d => c (t d)) -> Maybe (c (Ap f a)) #

dataCast2 :: Typeable t => (forall d e. (Data d, Data e) => c (t d e)) -> Maybe (c (Ap f a)) #

gmapT :: (forall b. Data b => b -> b) -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

gmapQl :: (r -> r' -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Ap f a -> r #

gmapQr :: forall r r'. (r' -> r -> r) -> r -> (forall d. Data d => d -> r') -> Ap f a -> r #

gmapQ :: (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Ap f a -> [u] #

gmapQi :: Int -> (forall d. Data d => d -> u) -> Ap f a -> u #

gmapM :: Monad m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Ap f a -> m (Ap f a) #

gmapMp :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Ap f a -> m (Ap f a) #

gmapMo :: MonadPlus m => (forall d. Data d => d -> m d) -> Ap f a -> m (Ap f a) #

(Applicative f, Monoid a) => Monoid (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

mempty :: Ap f a #

mappend :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

mconcat :: [Ap f a] -> Ap f a #

(Applicative f, Semigroup a) => Semigroup (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(<>) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

sconcat :: NonEmpty (Ap f a) -> Ap f a #

stimes :: Integral b => b -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

(Applicative f, Bounded a) => Bounded (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

minBound :: Ap f a #

maxBound :: Ap f a #

Enum (f a) => Enum (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

succ :: Ap f a -> Ap f a #

pred :: Ap f a -> Ap f a #

toEnum :: Int -> Ap f a #

fromEnum :: Ap f a -> Int #

enumFrom :: Ap f a -> [Ap f a] #

enumFromThen :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> [Ap f a] #

enumFromTo :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> [Ap f a] #

enumFromThenTo :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a -> [Ap f a] #

Generic (Ap f a)

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Associated Types

type Rep (Ap f a)	Since: base-4.12.0.0
Instance details Defined in Data.Monoid type Rep (Ap f a) = D1 ('MetaData "Ap" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Ap" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAp") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (f a))))

Methods

from :: Ap f a -> Rep (Ap f a) x #

to :: Rep (Ap f a) x -> Ap f a #

(Applicative f, Num a) => Num (Ap f a)

Note that even if the underlying Num and Applicative instances are lawful, for most Applicatives, this instance will not be lawful. If you use this instance with the list Applicative, the following customary laws will not hold:

Commutativity:

>>> Ap [10,20] + Ap [1,2]
Ap {getAp = [11,12,21,22]}
>>> Ap [1,2] + Ap [10,20]
Ap {getAp = [11,21,12,22]}

Additive inverse:

>>> Ap [] + negate (Ap [])
Ap {getAp = []}
>>> fromInteger 0 :: Ap [] Int
Ap {getAp = [0]}

Distributivity:

>>> Ap [1,2] * (3 + 4)
Ap {getAp = [7,14]}
>>> (Ap [1,2] * 3) + (Ap [1,2] * 4)
Ap {getAp = [7,11,10,14]}

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(+) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

(-) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

(*) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

negate :: Ap f a -> Ap f a #

abs :: Ap f a -> Ap f a #

signum :: Ap f a -> Ap f a #

fromInteger :: Integer -> Ap f a #

Read (f a) => Read (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

readsPrec :: Int -> ReadS (Ap f a) #

readList :: ReadS [Ap f a] #

readPrec :: ReadPrec (Ap f a) #

readListPrec :: ReadPrec [Ap f a] #

Show (f a) => Show (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

showsPrec :: Int -> Ap f a -> ShowS #

show :: Ap f a -> String #

showList :: [Ap f a] -> ShowS #

Eq (f a) => Eq (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

(==) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Bool #

(/=) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Bool #

Ord (f a) => Ord (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

Methods

compare :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ordering #

(<) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Bool #

(<=) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Bool #

(>) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Bool #

(>=) :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Bool #

max :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

min :: Ap f a -> Ap f a -> Ap f a #

type Rep1 (Ap f :: k -> Type)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

type Rep1 (Ap f :: k -> Type) = D1 ('MetaData "Ap" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Ap" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAp") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec1 f)))

type Rep (Ap f a)

Since: base-4.12.0.0

Instance details

Defined in Data.Monoid

type Rep (Ap f a) = D1 ('MetaData "Ap" "Data.Monoid" "base" 'True) (C1 ('MetaCons "Ap" 'PrefixI 'True) (S1 ('MetaSel ('Just "getAp") 'NoSourceUnpackedness 'NoSourceStrictness 'DecidedLazy) (Rec0 (f a))))

(<>) :: Semigroup a => a -> a -> a infixr 6 #

An associative operation.

Examples

Expand

>>> [1,2,3] <> [4,5,6]
[1,2,3,4,5,6]

>>> Just [1, 2, 3] <> Just [4, 5, 6]
Just [1,2,3,4,5,6]

>>> putStr "Hello, " <> putStrLn "World!"
Hello, World!

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